∞ generated and posted on 2017.05.01 ∞
Archaeal viruses are the semi-autonomous, acellular parasites of domain Archaea.
| Archaeal viruses are notable especially for their diverse and unusual virion structures, only a few of which are seen as well among bacterial viruses or viruses of eukaryotes. Given the small number of so-far described isolates, it is unlikely that any but a fraction of archaeal virus diversity is currently known. Archaeal virus genomes are double-stranded DNA unless otherwise indicated, and all listed types are DNA rather than RNA viruses. Another of my efforts towards generating an archaeal viruses table can be found here and includes the source of isolation of many of these viruses. In addition, much of the pre-2013 archaeal virus literature can be found in supplemental material as reached here. As links to this page, under Euryarchfaeota Viruses see: Myoviridae, Pleolipovidae, Podoviridae, Sphaerolipoviridae, Salterprovirus, Siphoviridae, and unclassified. Also as links to this page, under Crenarchaeota Viruses see: Ampullaviridae, Bicaudaviridae, Clavaviridae, Fuselloviridae, Globuloviridae, Guttaviridae, Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, Spiraviridae, Tristromaviridae, Turriviridae, and unclassified. |
Euryarchaeota Viruses
| Family* | Wik | Scl | Pmd | Img | ICTV | DNA (~kb) | Comments |
| Myoviridae viruses B10, BJ1 (43, kb), ΦCh1 (58.5 kb), ΦH1 (ΦH; 59 kb), ΦN (56 kb), Hh1 (37.6 kb), Hh3 (29.6 kb), HF1 (77.7 kb), HF2 (75.9 kb), HATV (and others), HJTV (and others), HRTV (and others), Hs1S, HSTV-2 (and others), Ja.1 (230 kb), &PsiM1 (30.4 kb), S45, S5100 |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (30-80, 230) | head-tailed viroins, tail is contractile |
| known hosts include: Haloarcula sodomense (HATV), Halobacterium salinarum (B10, Hs1, ΦH, S45, S5100), Halorubrum coriense (BJ1, HF1, HF2, Hh1, Hh3, HRTV, HSTV, Ja.1, ΦN), Methanobacterium (ΨsM1), Natrialba magadii (φCh1) | |||||||
| Pleolipoviridae viruses His2 (16 kb, dsDNA linear), HGPV-1 (9.7 kb), HHPV-1 (8 kb) HRPV-1 (~10 kb, ssDNA circular), HRPV-2 (~10 kb, ssDNA circular), HRPV-3 (8.7 kb), HRPV-6 (~10 kb, ssDNA circular); unless indicated otherwise then dsDNA circular |
--- | link | link | --- | link | see comments | lipid enveloped, pleomorphic virions; dsDNA, ssDNA, linear, and circular genomes |
| known hosts include: Acidianus, Halorubrum (HRPV-1, HRPV-2, HRPV-3, HRPV-6), Halogeometricum (HGPV-1), Pyrobaculum, Sulfolobus islandicus, Thermoproteus | |||||||
| Podoviridae virus HSTV-1 (32.2 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | (30) | head-tailed virions, tail is short and non-contractile; uncommon |
| known hosts include: Haloarcula sinaiiensis (HSTV-1) | |||||||
| Sphaerolipoviridae viruses HHIV-2 (30.5 kb), PH1 (28 kb), SH1 (30.9 kb) |
link | link | link | --- | link | linear (30) | icosahedral virions with internal membrane |
| known hosts include: Haloarcula hispanica (HHIV-2, PH1, SH1), Halorubrum (30.9 kb) | |||||||
| (Salterprovirus) virus His1 (14.4 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (15) | spindle-shaped virions with small tails, containing lipid |
| known hosts include: Haloarcula hispanica (His1) | |||||||
| Siphoviridae viruses BJ1, ΦF1 (85 kb), ΦF3 (36 kb; cirular), HCTV (and others), HHTV (and others), HVTV-1 (and others), ψM1, ψM2 (26 kb), ψM100, |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (30-80) | head-tailed virions, tail is long and non-contractile |
| known hosts include: Haloarcula, Methanothermobacter, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg (ΦF1, ΦF3, ψM2) | |||||||
| Unclassified viruses A3-VLP, HF2, HHPV-1, HRPV1, PAV1 (18 kb), PG (50 kb), PSM1 (35 kb), SNJ1 (16.3 kb), S41, S41 Vm, S4100, S50.2, S50.2 Vm, TPV1 (21.5 kb), VTA |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | PAV1 and TPV1 are spindle-shaped with a short tail and circular genome; SNJ1 may be icosahedral, is spherical, and contains lipids |
| known hosts include: Halobacterium (S41, S41 Vm, S4100, S50.2, S50.2 Vm)Haloarcula hispanica, Halorubrum, Methanobacterium (PG, PSM1, VTA), Methanococcus voltae (A3-VLP), Natrinema (SNJ1), Pyrococcus abyssi (PAV1), Thermococcus prieurii (TPV1) | |||||||
Crenarchaeota Viruses
| Family* | Wik | Scl | Pmd | Img | ICTV | DNA (~kb) | Comments |
| known hosts include: | |||||||
| Ampullaviridae viruses ABV (23.8) |
ink | link | link | link | link | linear (25) | bottle-shaped virions with short fibers at wider end |
| known hosts include: Acidianus convivator (ABV) | |||||||
| Bicaudaviridae viruse ATV (62.7 kb) |
ink | link | link | link | link | circular (65) | spindle-shaped virions with two large tails which form following virion release from infected cells |
| known hosts include: Acidianus convivator (ATV) | |||||||
| Clavaviridae virus APBV1 (5.2 kb) |
link | link | link | --- | link | circular (5) | rod-, that is, bacillus-shaped virions |
| known hosts include: Aeropyrum pernix (APBV1) | |||||||
| Fuselloviridae viruses ASV1 (24.1 kb), SSV1 (15.4 kb), SSV2 (14.7 kb), SSV3 (15 kb), SSV4 (15.1 kb), SSV5 (15.3 kb), SSV6 (15.6 kb), SSV7 (17.6 kb), SSV8 (16.4 kb), SSV9 (17.3 kb), SSVk1, SSVrh |
link | link | link | link | link | circular (15-25) | spindle-/lemon-shaped virions with small tails; genera Alphafusellovirus and Betafusellovirus |
| known hosts include: Acidianus (ASV1), Aeropyrum, Haloarcula, Pyrococcus, Stygiolobus, Sulfolobus (SSV1, SSV2, SSV4, SSV5, SSV6, SSV7, SSV8, SSV9), Sulfolobus shibatae (a.k.a., S. acidocaldarius), Thermococcus | |||||||
| Globuloviridae viruses AOV1, PSV1 (PSV; 28.3 kb), TTSV1 (21.6 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (20-30) | spherical-shpaed virions containing lipids |
| known hosts include: Aeropyrum (AOV1), Pyrobaculum (PSV1), Thermoproteus tenax (TTSV1) | |||||||
| Guttaviridae viruses APOV1 (13.7 kb), SNDV (20 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | circular (15-20) | droplet-shaped virions; genera Alphaguttavirus and Betaguttavirus |
| known hosts include: Aeropyrum pernix (APOV1), Sulfolobus neozealandicus (SNDV) | |||||||
| Lipothrixviridae viruses AFV1 (21 kb), AFV2 (31.7 kb), AFV3 (40.4 kb), AFV6 (39.5 kb), AFV7 (36.8 kb), AFV8 (38.1 kb), AFV9 (41.1 kb), DAFV (56 kb), SIFV (40.8 kb), TTV1 (15.9 kb), TTV2 (16 kb), TTV3 (27 kb), TTV4 (17 kb), TTV1-1 |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (15-40, 55) | flexible, lipid-containing linear-shaped virions with various filaments jutting from ends; order Ligamenvirales; genera Alphalipothrixvirus, Betalipothrixvirus, Gammalipothrixvirus, and Deltalipothrixvirus |
| known hosts include: Acidianus (AFV1, AFV2, AFV3, AFV6, AFV7, AFV8, AFV9), Acidianus hospitalis, Desulfurolobus ambivalens (DAFV), Sulfolobus islandicus (SIFV), Thermoproteus tenax (TTV1, TTV2, TTV3, TTV4, TTV1-1) | |||||||
| Rudiviridae viruses ARV1 (24.6), SIRV1 (32.3 kb), SIRV2 (35.4 kb), SRV1 (SRV; 28 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | linear (25-35) | rod-shaped virions; order Ligamenvirales |
| known hosts include: Acidianus (ARV1), Sulfolobus islandicus (SIRV1, SIRV2), Stygiolobus (SRV) | |||||||
| Spiraviridae virus ACV (24.9 kb) |
link | link | link | --- | link | ssDNA circular (25) | spiral-shaped capsids |
| known hosts include: Aeropyrum (ACV) | |||||||
| "Tristromaviridae" viruses |
--- | link | link | link | link | filamentous virions | |
| known hosts include: | |||||||
| "Turriviridae" viruses STIV (17.6 kb), STIV2 (16.6 kb) |
link | link | link | link | link | circular (15-20) | icoahedral, internal membraned virions with prominent, turret-like features on their surfaces |
| known hosts include: Sulfolobus (STIV, STIV2) | |||||||
| Unclassified viruses APSV1 (38 kb), SMV1 (48.7 kb), STIV1, STIV2, STSV1 (75.2 kb), STSV2 (76 kb) |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | APSV1, SMV1, STSV1, and STSV2 are spindle shaped with long tails, and have circular genomes; STSV1 and STSV2 contain lipids |
| known hosts include: Aeropyrum pernix (APSV1), Sulfolobus (SMV1), Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sulfolobus tengchongensis (STSV1, STSV2) | |||||||
Names and Abbreviations:
Other Tables of Archaeal Viruses: